Lighting fixture part collection

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Ingenium, 2007.0815.040
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OBJECT TYPE
chandelier/hardware
DATE
1911
ARTIFACT NUMBER
2007.0815.040
MANUFACTURER
Unknown
MODEL
Unknown
LOCATION
Unknown

More Information


General Information

Serial #
N/A
Part Number
40
Total Parts
41
AKA
N/A
Patents
N/A
General Description
Metal.

Dimensions

Note: These reflect the general size for storage and are not necessarily representative of the object's true dimensions.

Length
4.0 cm
Width
4.0 cm
Height
1.5 cm
Thickness
N/A
Weight
N/A
Diameter
N/A
Volume
N/A

Lexicon

Group
Lighting Technology
Category
Lighting device parts
Sub-Category
N/A

Manufacturer

AKA
Unknown
Country
Unknown
State/Province
Unknown
City
Unknown

Context

Country
Canada
State/Province
Quebec
Period
First half of the 20th century.
Canada
This lamp is an example of domestic electrical lighting from the mid-1950s. During the 1870’s, two electric lighting technologies emerged onto the world scene: the arc lamp and the incandescent lamp. These two electrical lighting technologies were in direct competition for the same markets and in the 1920’s, the arc lamp lost the technological race to the incandescent bulb, which was smaller, used less energy, and were less costly to produce. By the 1930’s, the incandescent bulb had entrenched itself as the technology of choice for electric lighting needs.
Function
These artifacts have various functions related to the installation and the assembly of the fixture.
Technical
This chandelier is an example of domestic electrical lighting from the early 1900s, during an era when incandescent home lighting was not only the emerging dominant lighting technology, but was also a status symbol within the community at large, as it was made in a Victorian style, in the post Victorian age. Prior to this, it was not uncommon to find electric domestic fixtures manufactured in the Victorian style, as they were modeled from existing gas fixtures. This change came about at the 1925 World’s Fair in Paris, as a new artistic style was introduced known as “Art Moderne”. This stylistic movement influenced the shapes and styles of many domestic appliances in the late 1920’s and into the 1930’s by adding functional lines to design schemes, as well as Art Nouveau floral elements and Egyptian and Native American motifs. This modern movement met with smaller, but vibrant counter-movements harkening to earlier eras, both Victorian and Colonial. In the United States, the emerging upper middle class spurred on these counter-movements because it created a sense of parity with the established European elite. Lightolier, an American based lighting manufacturer established in 1904, marketed the “Empire” style, accompanied by the tag line “Inspired by the beauty of the past”. This elegant piece of advertising shows that despite the fact that Art Moderne was hip and trendy, there was still a demand for more established conventional styles within the marketplace. The main section of the chandelier and the pendant pieces are made of crystal. In 1673, George Ravenscroft patented the process of manufacturing crystal by adding varying quantities of lead to glass during the melting stage. He found that by altering the quantities of lead added to the glass, he could change its properties, making it heavier, stronger and more durable. Changing its light diffraction properties can also allow it to shimmer. While experimenting with lead additives, George Ravenscroft found that by not adding enough lead to the mixture, a blue tinge and a crizzling effect was added to the glass. The creation of this type of crystal required a team of 4 to 7 artisans to manufacture because of its thickness. By examining other period pieces found in publications such as Antique Lamp Buyers Guide and The Northern Electric General Catalogue from 1928 and 1935 (CSTM Trade Literature), one finds that the crystal pendants that make up the bulk of the chandelier are not unique. In fact, these three publications all have crystal pendants on incandescent lamps that are similar to those found on this chandelier. Because of the level of skill involved in creating thick walled crystal in interesting shapes, it is reasonable to infer that a higher purchase cost would have been incurred for this chandelier, and that this piece was possibly used as both a lighting fixture and a status symbol.
Area Notes
Unknown

Details

Markings
No markings.
Missing
The artifacts appears complete.
Finish
Metal in various shades of grey, brown, and orange. ;;;Métal en différents tons de gris, brun et orange.
Decoration
No decoration.

CITE THIS OBJECT

If you choose to share our information about this collection object, please cite:

Unknown Manufacturer, Lighting fixture part collection, circa 1911, Artifact no. 2007.0815, Ingenium – Canada’s Museums of Science and Innovation, http://collection.ingeniumcanada.org/en/id/2007.0815.040/

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